学习状语从句的9个要点

1. 注意before的6种不同用法

before 除表示“在……之前”外，还可表示“不到……就，还没有……就”“宁可……也不愿”“以免，免得”“（必须）先……才能”“（多久后）才，（多久后）就”等。正确理解它在句中的意思是做对这类考题的关键。如：

Before he knew it， he was taken away in a taxi. 他还没醒悟过来就被一辆出租车带走了。

True men choose death before dishonor. 大丈夫可杀而不可辱。

Put down that knife before you hurt somebody！ 把那刀子放下，以免伤人！

You and I must have an understanding before going any further. 你我必须先取得谅解才能再继续。

It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary. 我们需要很长的时间才能完成这部词典。

2. 注意in case引导的状语从句

许多考生不知道 in case 可用作连词。其实，in case 不仅可用作连词引导状语从句，而且还可引导两类不同性质的状语从句：一是引导目的状语从句，意为“免得”“以防”；二是引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”“万一”。如：

In case I forget， please remind me about it. 万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。

Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。

You？蒺d better take an umbrella （just） in case it rains. 你最好带把伞，以防下雨。

3. 注意6个含有time的从属连词

以下6个含有time的短语也可用作从属连词引导状语从句：every time（每次），each time （每次），any time（随时），（the） next time（下次），（the） last time（上次），the first time（第一次）。如：

Every[Each] time I call on him， he is out. 我每次去访问他，他都不在。

You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。

Next time you come in， please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。

The last time we met you had a beard. 上次我们见面，你还留着胡子呢。

The first time I heard about the firm closing down was when George told me. 我最初听到公司倒闭的消息是乔治告诉我的。

4. 注意3组（11个）表示“一……就”的从属连词

一是名词类的 the moment， the minute， the second， the instant， the day 等；二是副词类的immediately， directly， instantly， once 等；三是句型类的no sooner...than， hardly...when等。如：

The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道没希望了。

He is going to visit his aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。

Once he arrives， we can start. 他一来我们就可以开始。

Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一来我就把消息告诉了他。

She had hardly arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。

注：若将 no sooner， hardly 置于句首，则其后要用倒装语序。如：

We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off.=No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场，飞机就起飞了。

5. 注意掌握-ever类从属连词的用法

这里说的-ever类词指的是whatever， whoever， whichever， however， whenever， wherever 等，它们引导定语从句大致相当于 no matter what （who， which， how， when， where）。如：

Keep calm， whatever [no matter what] happens. 无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。

Whoever telephones， tell them I？蒺m out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。

Whichever day you come， I？蒺ll be pleased to see you. 无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。

However much he eats， he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少， 他都不发胖。

Whenever you come， you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。

6. 注意until与unless的用法与区别

虽然两者均以un-开头，但意思和用法均大不相同：until意为“直到……为止”，在否定句中通常可译为“直到……才”，它引导时间状语从句；unless的意思是“如果不”“除非”，它引导条件状语从句。比较：

Unless there is any other business， we can end the meeting. 如果没有别的事情，我们的会议可以结束了。

Until she spoke I hadn？蒺t realized she was foreign. 她要不说话我还一直不知道她是外国人。

7. 注意几个易忽略用法的从属连词

（1） while 除可表示时间（在……期间）外，还可表示让步（=although 虽然）。如：

While I understand what you say， I can？蒺t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意你的看法。

另外，注意while表示“对比”的用法（此时为并列连词）。如：

Prices are rising sharply， while incomes are lagging far behind. 物价飞涨而收入却远远落后。

（2） when 除可表示时间（当……时）外，还可表示原因（=since 既然）。如：

She stopped when she ought to have continued. 尽管她应该继续下去，她却停住了。

How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television？ 他们既然把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了，还能学什么东西呢？

另外，when还可用作并列连词，表示“就在这个时候”（=and then / just at that time）。如：

We were just going to leave when Jean fell and hurt her ankle. 我们正要走，简摔倒了，脚踝受了伤。

（3） where 引导地点状语从句虽然在教材上出现得不多，但却是高考一个很重要的考点，同学们不得轻视。如：

Put the medicine where children can？蒺t reach it. 把药放在孩子们拿不到的地方。

另外，注意where表示“对比”的用法。如：

Where others might have been satisfied， Dawson had higher ambitions. 别人或许这样就满足了，可道森却有更大的雄心。

8. 注意状语从句的时态

（1） 在时间和条件状语从句中，英语习惯上要用一般现在时表示将来。如：

Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。

Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。

（2） 在让步、相似、比例等状语从句中，也要用一般现在时表将来。如：

Wherever you go， I？蒺ll go with you. 无论你去哪，我都要同你一起去。

The more you eat， the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就会越胖。

9. 注意掌握正确的做题方法

（1） 记住引导状语从句的各个从属连词的意思（注意有的从属连词有多个意思）；

（2） 做题时，要特别注意从语境和上下文方面去考虑。简单地说，使句子意思最通顺，最合乎逻辑或最合乎情理的选项往往就是最佳答案；

（3） 注意不要忽略状语从句可能涉及的省略、倒装、固定句式等相关问题。

【边学边练】

1. he could answer， the phone went dead.

A. Before B. Until C. When D. After

2. Put that money somewhere safe it gets stolen.

A. when B. since C. after D. before

3. She is getting better by degrees， but it will be some time she is completely well.

A. that B. since C. when D. before

4. The fire went on for quite some time it was brought under control.

A. when B. since C. after D. before

5. The temperature sensor is making the computer think the engine is cold ， in fact， it？蒺s hot.

A. unless B. how C. when D. since

6. I don？蒺t suppose I can really call myself a vegetarian I eat fish.

A. that B. until C. when D. after

7. I waited for her in the corridor， she went in to see the doctor.

A. after B. while C. because D. before

8. I think we ought to start at six， the roads are empty.

A. before B. while C. although D. since

9. It was not 1972 that the war finally came to an end.

A. when B. after C. since D. until

10. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners？蒺 curiosity he reaches the end of the story.

A. when B. unless C. after D. until

11. the government agrees to give extra money， the theatre will have to close.

A. Until B. Unless C. Since D. While

12. you call me to say you？蒺re not coming， I？蒺ll see you at the theatre.

A. When B. Unless C. Until D. Since

13. You can？蒺t get a job you？蒺ve got experience.

A. when B. since C. unless D. if

14. hungry I am， I never seem to be able to finish off a whole pizza.

A. However B. How C. Whatever D. What

15. fault the accident might have been， it certainly wasn？蒺t mine.

A. Who？蒺s B. Whose C. Whoever？蒺s D. Whatever？蒺s

16. I go there they seem to be busy.

A. Whatever B. Whenever C. However D. Whoever

17. you choose to live there are always going to be disadvantages.

A. Whenever B. Wherever C. However D. Whatever

18. You can contact us by telephone or e-mail， you prefer.

A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. whatever

19. the temple once stood there is now a large parking garage.

A. When B. Because C. Since D. Where

20. Sometimes a teacher will be listened to， a parent might not.

A. where B. since C. which D. what

【参考答案】

1—5 ADDDC

6—10 CBBDD

11—15 BBCAC

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